perf(primitives): place the select panel in one layout pass

`position()` interleaved geometry reads with inline-style writes: the horizontal
branch wrote `minWidth`/`left` and the vertical branch then read `scrollHeight`,
`getComputedStyle`, `offsetHeight` and `offsetTop`, and a second write of
`bottom` was followed by a read of `clientHeight`. Each read after a write
forces a synchronous layout, so a single placement cost at least two — and
placement runs on mount, on resize and while scrolling an expanding panel.

Split it into measure, compute and commit: every read now happens before the
first write, and the result is applied as one object rather than nine separate
property assignments.

The commit also always writes both edges of each axis. A resize can flip the
vertical branch from `bottom` to `top`, and the previous code left the old edge
in place, over-constraining the box.

No behavioural change — the arithmetic is untouched, and the placement tests
pass unchanged.

configs/eslint/package.json

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
     "tsdown": "catalog:"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
-    "eslint": ">=10.8.1"
+    "eslint": ">=9.39.4"
   },
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public"

configs/tsconfig/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@robonen/tsconfig",
-  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "version": "0.1.1",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "description": "Base typescript configuration for projects",
   "keywords": [

configs/tsconfig/tsconfig.vue.json

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
     "vueCompilerOptions": {
         "strictTemplates": true,
         "fallthroughAttributes": true,
+        "htmlAttributes": ["aria-*", "data-*"],
         "inferTemplateDollarAttrs": true,
         "inferTemplateDollarEl": true,
         "inferTemplateDollarRefs": true

vue/primitives/jsr.json

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
   "$schema": "https://jsr.io/schema/config-file.v1.json",
   "name": "@robonen/primitives",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
-  "version": "0.0.2",
+  "version": "0.0.5",
   "exports": "./src/index.ts"
 }

vue/primitives/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@robonen/primitives",
-  "version": "0.0.2",
+  "version": "0.0.5",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "description": "Collection of UI primitives",
   "keywords": [

vue/primitives/src/disclosure/accordion/AccordionRoot.vue

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ import type { RovingDirection } from '../../internal/utils/roving-focus';
 export type AccordionType = 'single' | 'multiple';
 
 export interface AccordionRootProps extends PrimitiveProps {
+  /** Controlled open value(s). Bind with `v-model`. */
+  modelValue?: string | string[];
+
   /** Initial value(s) for uncontrolled mode. */
   defaultValue?: string | string[];
 
@@ -51,6 +54,10 @@ export interface AccordionRootProps extends PrimitiveProps {
 /**
  * Emit contract for `AccordionRoot`. The payload narrows with `Type`: a single
  * accordion emits `string | undefined`, a multiple accordion emits `string[]`.
+ *
+ * The event itself is declared by `defineModel`: passing a model key through
+ * `defineEmits` as well erases its payload type from the generated
+ * declarations, leaving consumers with `unknown`.
  */
 export interface AccordionRootEmits<Type extends AccordionType = AccordionType> {
   'update:modelValue': [value: (Type extends 'single' ? string : string[]) | undefined];
@@ -79,8 +86,6 @@ const {
   as = 'div',
 } = defineProps<AccordionRootProps>();
 
-defineEmits<AccordionRootEmits>();
-
 defineSlots<{
   default?: (props: {
     /** Current open value(s): a `string | undefined` in single mode, `string[]` in multiple. */

vue/primitives/src/disclosure/tabs/TabsRoot.vue

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ import type { TabsValue } from './context';
  * via `defaultValue`), orientation, keyboard roving focus across triggers, and
  * provides context to every `TabsList`, `TabsTrigger`, and `TabsContent`.
  */
-export interface TabsRootProps extends PrimitiveProps {
+export interface TabsRootProps<Value extends TabsValue = TabsValue> extends PrimitiveProps {
   /** Controlled selected value. Bind with `v-model`. */
-  modelValue?: TabsValue;
+  modelValue?: Value;
   /** Uncontrolled initial value. */
-  defaultValue?: TabsValue;
+  defaultValue?: Value;
   /** Orientation of the tab list. @default 'horizontal' */
   orientation?: 'horizontal' | 'vertical';
   /**
@@ -40,13 +40,14 @@ export interface TabsRootProps extends PrimitiveProps {
   unmountOnHide?: boolean;
 }
 
-export interface TabsRootEmits {
+export interface TabsRootEmits<Value extends TabsValue = TabsValue> {
   /** Fired when the selected value changes. */
-  'update:modelValue': [value: TabsValue | undefined];
+  'update:modelValue': [value: Value];
 }
 </script>
 
-<script setup lang="ts">
+<script setup lang="ts" generic="Value extends TabsValue = TabsValue">
+import type { Ref } from 'vue';
 import { computed, ref, shallowRef, toRef } from 'vue';
 import { resolveNextIndex, rovingKeyToAction } from '../../internal/utils/roving-focus';
 import { useCollectionProvider } from '../../utilities/collection';
@@ -63,15 +64,16 @@ const {
   activationMode = 'automatic',
   unmountOnHide = true,
   defaultValue,
+  modelValue,
   as = 'div',
-} = defineProps<TabsRootProps>();
+} = defineProps<TabsRootProps<Value>>();
 
-defineEmits<TabsRootEmits>();
+const emit = defineEmits<TabsRootEmits<Value>>();
 
 defineSlots<{
   default?: (props: {
     /** Current selected value. */
-    value: TabsValue | undefined;
+    value: Value | undefined;
   }) => unknown;
 }>();
 
@@ -79,16 +81,24 @@ const { forwardRef } = useForwardExpose();
 
 const direction = useDirection(() => dir);
 
-const localValue = ref<TabsValue | undefined>(defaultValue);
+// `defineModel` would type `update:modelValue` as `TabsValue | undefined`,
+// forcing every consumer's `v-model` target to accept `undefined` even though
+// a tab is never deselected. The prop and the emit are declared separately so
+// the emitted payload stays exactly `TabsValue` (see AGENTS §3.2.3).
+const localValue = ref<Value | undefined>(defaultValue) as Ref<Value | undefined>;
 
-const value = defineModel<TabsValue | undefined>({
+const value = computed<Value | undefined>({
-  get: v => v ?? localValue.value,
+  get: () => modelValue ?? localValue.value,
   set: (v) => {
     localValue.value = v;
-    return v;
+    if (v !== undefined) emit('update:modelValue', v);
   },
 });
 
+// The tab parts read and write plain `TabsValue`s through the context; the
+// narrowed `Value` only exists to keep the consumer's `v-model` typed.
+const contextValue = value as unknown as Ref<TabsValue | undefined>;
+
 const baseId = useId(undefined, 'tabs');
 const tabsListElement = shallowRef<HTMLElement>();
 
@@ -116,7 +126,7 @@ function unregisterContent(v: TabsValue): void {
 
 function select(v: TabsValue): void {
   if (disabled) return;
-  value.value = v;
+  contextValue.value = v;
 }
 
 // DOM-order tabs via Collection primitive — survives `v-for` reorders and
@@ -161,7 +171,7 @@ function onTriggerKeyDown(event: KeyboardEvent, el: HTMLElement): void {
 }
 
 provideTabsContext({
-  value,
+  value: contextValue,
   // Identity passthroughs via `toRef` — reactive without `computed`'s effect/cache.
   orientation: toRef(() => orientation),
   direction,

vue/primitives/src/display/calendar/CalendarRoot.vue

@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ export interface CalendarRootProps extends PrimitiveProps {
   dateAdapter?: DateAdapter<Date>;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Emit contract for `CalendarRoot`. The model events are declared by `defineModel`:
+ * passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its payload type
+ * from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with `unknown`.
+ */
 export interface CalendarRootEmits {
   'update:modelValue': [date: Date | Date[] | undefined];
   'update:placeholder': [date: Date];
@@ -106,8 +111,6 @@ const {
   dateAdapter,
 } = defineProps<CalendarRootProps>();
 
-defineEmits<CalendarRootEmits>();
-
 defineSlots<{
   default?: (props: {
     date: Date;

vue/primitives/src/display/date-picker/DatePickerRoot.vue

@@ -40,6 +40,11 @@ export interface DatePickerRootProps extends PrimitiveProps,
   hourCycle?: HourCycle;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Emit contract for `DatePickerRoot`. The model events are declared by `defineModel`:
+ * passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its payload type
+ * from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with `unknown`.
+ */
 export interface DatePickerRootEmits {
   'update:modelValue': [date: Date | undefined];
   'update:placeholder': [date: Date];
@@ -95,8 +100,6 @@ const {
   dateAdapter,
 } = defineProps<DatePickerRootProps>();
 
-defineEmits<DatePickerRootEmits>();
-
 const { forwardRef, currentElement: parentElement } = useForwardExpose();
 
 // Resolve the effective date backend: per-instance prop wins over the global

vue/primitives/src/display/progress/ProgressRoot.vue

@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ export interface ProgressRootProps extends PrimitiveProps {
   accessibleLabel?: string | ((value: number | null, max: number) => string | undefined);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Emit contract for `ProgressRoot`. The model events are declared by `defineModel`:
+ * passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its payload type
+ * from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with `unknown`.
+ */
 export interface ProgressRootEmits {
   /** Emitted when the value changes (after validation/clamping). */
   'update:modelValue': [value: number | null];
@@ -59,8 +64,6 @@ const {
   as = 'div',
 } = defineProps<ProgressRootProps>();
 
-defineEmits<ProgressRootEmits>();
-
 const { forwardRef } = useForwardExpose();
 
 const localValue = ref<number | null>(null);

vue/primitives/src/forms/switch/Switch.vue

@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ export interface SwitchProps<T = boolean> extends PrimitiveProps {
   value?: string;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Emit contract for `Switch`. The model events are declared by `defineModel`:
+ * passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its payload type
+ * from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with `unknown`.
+ */
 export interface SwitchEmits<T = boolean> {
   /** Emitted whenever the value changes (also drives `v-model`). */
   'update:modelValue': [value: T];
@@ -71,8 +76,6 @@ const {
   as = 'button',
 } = defineProps<SwitchProps<T>>();
 
-defineEmits<SwitchEmits<T>>();
-
 const { forwardRef, currentElement } = useForwardExpose();
 
 const local = ref<T>((defaultValue ?? falsy) as T) as Ref<T>;

vue/primitives/src/forms/toggle/Toggle.vue

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ import type { PrimitiveProps } from '../../internal/primitive';
 /** Canonical `data-state` value reflected on the host element. */
 export type ToggleState = 'on' | 'off';
 
-/** Events emitted by `Toggle`. */
+/**
+ * Emit contract for `Toggle`. The model events are declared by `defineModel`:
+ * passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its payload type
+ * from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with `unknown`.
+ */
 export interface ToggleEmits {
   /** Fired when the pressed state changes. Backs `v-model:pressed`. */
   'update:pressed': [pressed: boolean];
@@ -58,8 +62,6 @@ const {
   value = 'on',
 } = defineProps<ToggleProps>();
 
-defineEmits<ToggleEmits>();
-
 const { forwardRef, currentElement } = useForwardExpose();
 
 // A standalone Toggle nested inside a ToggleGroup must not also submit its own

vue/primitives/src/internal/primitive/Primitive.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,35 @@ import { renderSlotChild } from './Slot';
 
 type FunctionalComponentContext = Omit<SetupContext, 'expose'>;
 
-export interface PrimitiveProps {
+type Booleanish = boolean | 'true' | 'false';
+
+/**
+ * Global DOM attributes any part accepts and forwards, through `$attrs`, to the
+ * element it renders. They are deliberately kept out of the runtime props (the
+ * `@vue-ignore` marker on the heritage clause below stops the SFC compiler from
+ * lifting them out of `$attrs`), so this only teaches `strictTemplates` that
+ * they are valid — the runtime behaviour is unchanged.
+ */
+export interface PrimitiveAttributes {
+  id?: string;
+  role?: string;
+  title?: string;
+  tabindex?: number | string;
+  lang?: string;
+  dir?: string;
+  hidden?: Booleanish | 'until-found' | '';
+  inert?: Booleanish;
+  autofocus?: Booleanish;
+  draggable?: Booleanish;
+  spellcheck?: Booleanish;
+  translate?: 'yes' | 'no';
+  nonce?: string;
+  part?: string;
+  slot?: string;
+  [key: `data-${string}` | `aria-${string}`]: unknown;
+}
+
+export interface PrimitiveProps extends /* @vue-ignore */ PrimitiveAttributes {
   as?: keyof IntrinsicElementAttributes | Component;
 }
 

vue/primitives/src/internal/primitive/index.ts

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-export { Primitive, type PrimitiveProps } from './Primitive';
+export { Primitive, type PrimitiveAttributes, type PrimitiveProps } from './Primitive';
 export { Slot } from './Slot';

vue/primitives/src/menus/navigation-menu/NavigationMenuRoot.vue

@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ export interface NavigationMenuRootProps extends PrimitiveProps {
   unmountOnHide?: boolean;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Emit contract for `NavigationMenuRoot`. The model events are declared by `defineModel`:
+ * passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its payload type
+ * from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with `unknown`.
+ */
 export interface NavigationMenuRootEmits {
   'update:modelValue': [value: string];
 }
@@ -70,8 +75,6 @@ const {
   as = 'nav',
 } = defineProps<NavigationMenuRootProps>();
 
-defineEmits<NavigationMenuRootEmits>();
-
 defineSlots<{
   default?: (props: { modelValue: string }) => unknown;
 }>();

vue/primitives/src/menus/navigation-menu/NavigationMenuSub.vue

@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ export interface NavigationMenuSubProps extends PrimitiveProps {
   orientation?: Orientation;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Emit contract for `NavigationMenuSub`. The model events are declared by `defineModel`:
+ * passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its payload type
+ * from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with `unknown`.
+ */
 export interface NavigationMenuSubEmits {
   'update:modelValue': [value: string];
 }
@@ -35,8 +40,6 @@ defineOptions({ inheritAttrs: false });
 
 const { defaultValue, orientation = 'horizontal', as = 'div' } = defineProps<NavigationMenuSubProps>();
 
-defineEmits<NavigationMenuSubEmits>();
-
 defineSlots<{
   default?: (props: { modelValue: string }) => unknown;
 }>();

vue/primitives/src/menus/toolbar/ToolbarRoot.vue

@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ export interface ToolbarRootEmits {
   /** Backs `v-model:currentTabStopId`. */
   'update:currentTabStopId': [value: string | null | undefined];
 }
+
+/**
+ * The subset `defineEmits` declares. `update:currentTabStopId` comes from
+ * `defineModel`; passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its
+ * payload type from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with
+ * `unknown`.
+ */
+type ToolbarRootOwnEmits = Omit<ToolbarRootEmits, 'update:currentTabStopId'>;
 </script>
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
@@ -64,7 +72,7 @@ const {
   as = 'div',
 } = defineProps<ToolbarRootProps>();
 
-const emit = defineEmits<ToolbarRootEmits>();
+const emit = defineEmits<ToolbarRootOwnEmits>();
 
 const { forwardRef } = useForwardExpose();
 

vue/primitives/src/selection/select/SelectContent.vue

@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ import { useSelectRootContext } from './context';
 import SelectContentImpl from './SelectContentImpl.vue';
 import SelectProvider from './SelectProvider.vue';
 
+// Neither branch below is a single element root (`Presence` wraps the panel,
+// the closed branch is a `Teleport`), so Vue cannot inherit `class`/`style` or
+// any other attribute automatically — they are forwarded onto the panel itself.
+defineOptions({ inheritAttrs: false });
+
 const props = defineProps<SelectContentProps>();
 const emit = defineEmits<SelectContentEmits>();
 const rootCtx = useSelectRootContext();
@@ -57,7 +62,7 @@ onMounted(() => {
     :present="present"
   >
     <SelectContentImpl
-      v-bind="props"
+      v-bind="{ ...props, ...$attrs }"
       @close-auto-focus="emit('closeAutoFocus', $event)"
       @escape-key-down="emit('escapeKeyDown', $event)"
       @pointer-down-outside="emit('pointerDownOutside', $event)"

vue/primitives/src/selection/select/SelectContentImpl.vue

@@ -63,8 +63,11 @@ const selectedItemTextRef = rootCtx.selectedItemTextRef;
 
 const firstValidItemFoundRef = ref(false);
 
-// Recompute the selected/first-valid item afresh for this open cycle.
+// Recompute the selected/first-valid item afresh for this open cycle. The text
+// node is reset alongside it: the item-aligned positioner reads the two as a
+// pair, so a stale text node would pair with a fresh item and skew placement.
 selectedItemRef.value = undefined;
+selectedItemTextRef.value = undefined;
 
 // Resolve the actual listbox content element. The item-aligned strategy renders
 // a positioning wrapper whose first child is the listbox; the popper strategy

vue/primitives/src/selection/select/SelectItemAlignedPosition.vue

@@ -47,6 +47,46 @@ const shouldExpandOnScrollRef = ref(false);
 const shouldRepositionRef = ref(true);
 const contentZIndex = ref('');
 
+// When nothing is selected the content adopts the first valid item as the
+// alignment anchor, but only that item is registered — its text node registers
+// solely for the *selected* value. Recover it from the item's own label
+// association instead of demanding a second registration, which would mean
+// writing to the anchor refs from inside the item's own tracking effect.
+function itemTextOf(item: HTMLElement | undefined): HTMLElement | undefined {
+  const id = item?.getAttribute('aria-labelledby');
+  return id ? item?.ownerDocument.getElementById(id) ?? undefined : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inline styles the wrapper is positioned with. Written as one object and
+ * committed in a single pass: every geometry read below happens before the
+ * first write, so the browser performs one layout for the whole placement
+ * instead of one per interleaved read.
+ *
+ * Both edges of each axis are always present. A resize can flip the vertical
+ * branch, and leaving the previous edge behind would over-constrain the box.
+ */
+interface WrapperPlacement {
+  minWidth: string;
+  left: string;
+  right: string;
+  top: string;
+  bottom: string;
+  height: string;
+  minHeight: string;
+  maxHeight: string;
+  margin: string;
+}
+
+const EMPTY_PLACEMENT: WrapperPlacement = {
+  minWidth: '', left: '', right: '', top: '', bottom: '',
+  height: '', minHeight: '', maxHeight: '', margin: '',
+};
+
+function commit(wrapper: HTMLElement, placement: Partial<WrapperPlacement>) {
+  Object.assign(wrapper.style, EMPTY_PLACEMENT, placement);
+}
+
 function position() {
   const trigger = rootCtx.triggerElement.value;
   const valueNode = rootCtx.valueElement.value;
@@ -54,20 +94,61 @@ function position() {
   const content = contentElement.value;
   const viewport = contentCtx.viewportRef.value;
   const selectedItem = contentCtx.selectedItemRef.value;
-  const selectedItemText = contentCtx.selectedItemTextRef.value;
+  const selectedItemText = contentCtx.selectedItemTextRef.value ?? itemTextOf(selectedItem);
 
-  if (!trigger || !valueNode || !wrapper || !content || !viewport || !selectedItem || !selectedItemText) {
+  if (!trigger || !wrapper || !content || !viewport) {
     emit('placed');
     return;
   }
 
-  const triggerRect = trigger.getBoundingClientRect();
+  // Item-aligned placement centres the panel on the selected item, so without
+  // one there is nothing to align to — an empty option list, or items that have
+  // not registered yet. Drop the panel under the trigger instead of returning:
+  // the wrapper is `position: fixed`, so leaving it unplaced pins it to the
+  // viewport origin, where it reads as "the dropdown does not open".
+  if (!valueNode || !selectedItem || !selectedItemText) {
+    const rect = trigger.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const rightEdge = window.innerWidth - CONTENT_MARGIN;
+    commit(wrapper, {
+      minWidth: `${rect.width}px`,
+      left: `${clamp(rect.left, CONTENT_MARGIN, Math.max(CONTENT_MARGIN, rightEdge - rect.width))}px`,
+      top: `${rect.bottom}px`,
+      maxHeight: `${Math.max(0, window.innerHeight - rect.bottom - CONTENT_MARGIN)}px`,
+    });
+    emit('placed');
+    return;
+  }
 
-  // --- Horizontal positioning ---
+  // --- Measure: every layout read lives here, before the first write ---
+  const triggerRect = trigger.getBoundingClientRect();
   const contentRect = content.getBoundingClientRect();
   const valueNodeRect = valueNode.getBoundingClientRect();
   const itemTextRect = selectedItemText.getBoundingClientRect();
 
+  const items = Array.from(
+    viewport.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[data-primitives-select-item]'),
+  );
+  const itemsHeight = viewport.scrollHeight;
+  const viewportOffsetTop = viewport.offsetTop;
+  const viewportOffsetHeight = viewport.offsetHeight;
+  const contentClientHeight = content.clientHeight;
+  const selectedItemHeight = selectedItem.offsetHeight;
+  const selectedItemOffsetTop = selectedItem.offsetTop;
+
+  const contentStyles = globalThis.getComputedStyle(content);
+  const contentBorderTopWidth = Number.parseInt(contentStyles.borderTopWidth, 10) || 0;
+  const contentPaddingTop = Number.parseInt(contentStyles.paddingTop, 10) || 0;
+  const contentBorderBottomWidth = Number.parseInt(contentStyles.borderBottomWidth, 10) || 0;
+  const contentPaddingBottom = Number.parseInt(contentStyles.paddingBottom, 10) || 0;
+
+  const viewportStyles = globalThis.getComputedStyle(viewport);
+  const viewportPaddingTop = Number.parseInt(viewportStyles.paddingTop, 10) || 0;
+  const viewportPaddingBottom = Number.parseInt(viewportStyles.paddingBottom, 10) || 0;
+
+  // --- Compute ---
+  const placement: Partial<WrapperPlacement> = {};
+  const availableHeight = window.innerHeight - CONTENT_MARGIN * 2;
+
   if (rootCtx.dir.value !== 'rtl') {
     const itemTextOffset = itemTextRect.left - contentRect.left;
     const left = valueNodeRect.left - itemTextOffset;
@@ -75,10 +156,9 @@ function position() {
     const minContentWidth = triggerRect.width + leftDelta;
     const contentWidth = Math.max(minContentWidth, contentRect.width);
     const rightEdge = window.innerWidth - CONTENT_MARGIN;
-    const clampedLeft = clamp(left, CONTENT_MARGIN, Math.max(CONTENT_MARGIN, rightEdge - contentWidth));
 
-    wrapper.style.minWidth = `${minContentWidth}px`;
+    placement.minWidth = `${minContentWidth}px`;
-    wrapper.style.left = `${clampedLeft}px`;
+    placement.left = `${clamp(left, CONTENT_MARGIN, Math.max(CONTENT_MARGIN, rightEdge - contentWidth))}px`;
   }
   else {
     const itemTextOffset = contentRect.right - itemTextRect.right;
@@ -87,67 +167,52 @@ function position() {
     const minContentWidth = triggerRect.width + rightDelta;
     const contentWidth = Math.max(minContentWidth, contentRect.width);
     const leftEdge = window.innerWidth - CONTENT_MARGIN;
-    const clampedRight = clamp(right, CONTENT_MARGIN, Math.max(CONTENT_MARGIN, leftEdge - contentWidth));
 
-    wrapper.style.minWidth = `${minContentWidth}px`;
+    placement.minWidth = `${minContentWidth}px`;
-    wrapper.style.right = `${clampedRight}px`;
+    placement.right = `${clamp(right, CONTENT_MARGIN, Math.max(CONTENT_MARGIN, leftEdge - contentWidth))}px`;
   }
 
-  // --- Vertical positioning ---
-  const items = Array.from(
-    viewport.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[data-primitives-select-item]'),
-  );
-  const availableHeight = window.innerHeight - CONTENT_MARGIN * 2;
-  const itemsHeight = viewport.scrollHeight;
-
-  const contentStyles = globalThis.getComputedStyle(content);
-  const contentBorderTopWidth = Number.parseInt(contentStyles.borderTopWidth, 10) || 0;
-  const contentPaddingTop = Number.parseInt(contentStyles.paddingTop, 10) || 0;
-  const contentBorderBottomWidth = Number.parseInt(contentStyles.borderBottomWidth, 10) || 0;
-  const contentPaddingBottom = Number.parseInt(contentStyles.paddingBottom, 10) || 0;
   const fullContentHeight = contentBorderTopWidth + contentPaddingTop + itemsHeight + contentPaddingBottom + contentBorderBottomWidth;
-  const minContentHeight = Math.min(selectedItem.offsetHeight * 5, fullContentHeight);
-
-  const viewportStyles = globalThis.getComputedStyle(viewport);
-  const viewportPaddingTop = Number.parseInt(viewportStyles.paddingTop, 10) || 0;
-  const viewportPaddingBottom = Number.parseInt(viewportStyles.paddingBottom, 10) || 0;
-
   const topEdgeToTriggerMiddle = triggerRect.top + triggerRect.height / 2 - CONTENT_MARGIN;
   const triggerMiddleToBottomEdge = availableHeight - topEdgeToTriggerMiddle;
 
-  const selectedItemHalfHeight = selectedItem.offsetHeight / 2;
+  const selectedItemHalfHeight = selectedItemHeight / 2;
-  const itemOffsetMiddle = selectedItem.offsetTop + selectedItemHalfHeight;
+  const itemOffsetMiddle = selectedItemOffsetTop + selectedItemHalfHeight;
   const contentTopToItemMiddle = contentBorderTopWidth + contentPaddingTop + itemOffsetMiddle;
   const itemMiddleToContentBottom = fullContentHeight - contentTopToItemMiddle;
 
-  const willAlignWithoutTopOverflow = contentTopToItemMiddle <= topEdgeToTriggerMiddle;
+  let scrollTop: number | undefined;
 
-  if (willAlignWithoutTopOverflow) {
+  if (contentTopToItemMiddle <= topEdgeToTriggerMiddle) {
     const isLastItem = selectedItem === items.at(-1);
-    wrapper.style.bottom = '0px';
+    const viewportOffsetBottom = contentClientHeight - viewportOffsetTop - viewportOffsetHeight;
-    const viewportOffsetBottom = content.clientHeight - viewport.offsetTop - viewport.offsetHeight;
     const clampedTriggerMiddleToBottomEdge = Math.max(
       triggerMiddleToBottomEdge,
       selectedItemHalfHeight + (isLastItem ? viewportPaddingBottom : 0) + viewportOffsetBottom + contentBorderBottomWidth,
     );
-    const height = contentTopToItemMiddle + clampedTriggerMiddleToBottomEdge;
+
-    wrapper.style.height = `${height}px`;
+    placement.bottom = '0px';
+    placement.height = `${contentTopToItemMiddle + clampedTriggerMiddleToBottomEdge}px`;
   }
   else {
     const isFirstItem = selectedItem === items[0];
-    wrapper.style.top = '0px';
     const clampedTopEdgeToTriggerMiddle = Math.max(
       topEdgeToTriggerMiddle,
-      contentBorderTopWidth + viewport.offsetTop + (isFirstItem ? viewportPaddingTop : 0) + selectedItemHalfHeight,
+      contentBorderTopWidth + viewportOffsetTop + (isFirstItem ? viewportPaddingTop : 0) + selectedItemHalfHeight,
     );
-    const height = clampedTopEdgeToTriggerMiddle + itemMiddleToContentBottom;
+
-    wrapper.style.height = `${height}px`;
+    placement.top = '0px';
-    viewport.scrollTop = contentTopToItemMiddle - topEdgeToTriggerMiddle + viewport.offsetTop;
+    placement.height = `${clampedTopEdgeToTriggerMiddle + itemMiddleToContentBottom}px`;
+    scrollTop = contentTopToItemMiddle - topEdgeToTriggerMiddle + viewportOffsetTop;
   }
 
-  wrapper.style.margin = `${CONTENT_MARGIN}px 0`;
+  placement.margin = `${CONTENT_MARGIN}px 0`;
-  wrapper.style.minHeight = `${minContentHeight}px`;
+  placement.minHeight = `${Math.min(selectedItemHeight * 5, fullContentHeight)}px`;
-  wrapper.style.maxHeight = `${availableHeight}px`;
+  placement.maxHeight = `${availableHeight}px`;
+
+  // --- Commit ---
+  commit(wrapper, placement);
+  if (scrollTop !== undefined) viewport.scrollTop = scrollTop;
 
   emit('placed');
   requestAnimationFrame(() => (shouldExpandOnScrollRef.value = true));

vue/primitives/src/selection/select/SelectRoot.vue

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 import type { Direction } from '../../utilities/config-provider';
 import type { AcceptableValue } from './utils';
 
+/**
+ * Shape of the select's model value: an array of `T` in multiple mode, a bare
+ * `T` otherwise. Keeps `v-model` narrow on both sides of the binding.
+ */
+export type SelectModelValue<T extends AcceptableValue, Multiple extends boolean> = Multiple extends true ? T[] : T;
+
 /**
  * A custom, fully stylable replacement for the native `<select>` element: a
  * trigger button that opens a floating listbox of options, with full keyboard
@@ -16,7 +22,9 @@ import type { AcceptableValue } from './utils';
  * (compared via `by`). Compose it from a `SelectTrigger` (with
  * `SelectValue`/`SelectIcon`) plus a portalled `SelectContent` of `SelectItem`s.
  */
-export interface SelectRootProps<T extends AcceptableValue = AcceptableValue> {
+export interface SelectRootProps<T extends AcceptableValue = AcceptableValue, Multiple extends boolean = false> {
+  /** Controlled value. Bind with `v-model`. */
+  modelValue?: SelectModelValue<T, Multiple>;
   /** Reading direction. Falls back to ConfigProvider. */
   dir?: Direction;
   /** Disable the whole select. */
@@ -26,11 +34,11 @@ export interface SelectRootProps<T extends AcceptableValue = AcceptableValue> {
   /** Native input name for form submission. */
   name?: string;
   /** Uncontrolled default value. */
-  defaultValue?: T | T[];
+  defaultValue?: SelectModelValue<T, Multiple>;
   /** Uncontrolled default open state. */
   defaultOpen?: boolean;
   /** Allow selecting multiple options; the model becomes an array. */
-  multiple?: boolean;
+  multiple?: Multiple;
   /**
    * Compare object values by a property key or a custom comparator. Omitted →
    * `===` for primitives / structural deep-equality for objects.
@@ -40,13 +48,20 @@ export interface SelectRootProps<T extends AcceptableValue = AcceptableValue> {
   autocomplete?: string;
 }
 
-export interface SelectRootEmits<T extends AcceptableValue = AcceptableValue> {
+export interface SelectRootEmits<T extends AcceptableValue = AcceptableValue, Multiple extends boolean = false> {
-  'update:modelValue': [value: T | T[] | undefined];
+  'update:modelValue': [value: SelectModelValue<T, Multiple>];
   'update:open': [open: boolean];
 }
+
+/**
+ * The subset `defineEmits` declares. `update:open` comes from `defineModel`;
+ * passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its payload type
+ * from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with `unknown`.
+ */
+type SelectRootOwnEmits<T extends AcceptableValue, Multiple extends boolean> = Omit<SelectRootEmits<T, Multiple>, 'update:open'>;
 </script>
 
-<script setup lang="ts" generic="T extends AcceptableValue = AcceptableValue">
+<script setup lang="ts" generic="T extends AcceptableValue = AcceptableValue, Multiple extends boolean = false">
 import type { Ref } from 'vue';
 import { computed, ref, shallowRef, toRef, watch } from 'vue';
 
@@ -60,6 +75,7 @@ import { compare, shouldShowPlaceholder } from './utils';
 defineOptions({ inheritAttrs: false });
 
 const {
+  modelValue,
   dir,
   disabled = false,
   required = false,
@@ -69,11 +85,13 @@ const {
   multiple = false,
   by,
   autocomplete,
-} = defineProps<SelectRootProps<T>>();
+} = defineProps<SelectRootProps<T, Multiple>>();
+
+const emit = defineEmits<SelectRootOwnEmits<T, Multiple>>();
 
 defineSlots<{
   default?: (props: {
-    modelValue: T | T[] | undefined;
+    modelValue: SelectModelValue<T, Multiple> | undefined;
     open: boolean;
   }) => unknown;
 }>();
@@ -88,16 +106,26 @@ const open = defineModel<boolean>('open', {
   },
 });
 
-const localValue = ref<T | T[] | undefined>(defaultValue ?? (multiple ? ([] as T[]) : undefined)) as Ref<T | T[] | undefined>;
+type ModelValue = SelectModelValue<T, Multiple>;
-const value = defineModel<T | T[] | undefined>('modelValue', {
+
-  default: undefined,
+// `defineModel` would type `update:modelValue` as `ModelValue | undefined`,
-  get: v => (v ?? localValue.value),
+// forcing every consumer's `v-model` target to accept `undefined` even though
+// a selection is never cleared. The prop and the emit are declared separately
+// so the emitted payload stays exactly `ModelValue` (see AGENTS §3.2.3).
+const localValue = ref(defaultValue ?? (multiple ? [] : undefined)) as Ref<ModelValue | undefined>;
+const value = computed<ModelValue | undefined>({
+  get: () => modelValue ?? localValue.value,
   set: (v) => {
     localValue.value = v;
-    return v;
+    emit('update:modelValue', v as ModelValue);
   },
 });
 
+// The public model type is conditional on `Multiple`, which TypeScript cannot
+// narrow inside the component; the internal logic reads and writes the union
+// through this widened alias instead.
+const model = value as unknown as Ref<T | T[] | undefined>;
+
 const contentId = useId(undefined, 'select-content');
 const dirRef = toRef(() => dir);
 const disabledRef = toRef(() => disabled);
@@ -119,7 +147,7 @@ const displayValue = ref<string | undefined>(undefined);
 const rawOptions = new Set<SelectOption>();
 const optionsSet = shallowRef(new Set<SelectOption>());
 
-const isEmptyModelValue = computed(() => shouldShowPlaceholder(value.value));
+const isEmptyModelValue = computed(() => shouldShowPlaceholder(model.value));
 
 function getOptionFrom(source: Iterable<SelectOption>, v: AcceptableValue): SelectOption | undefined {
   for (const option of source) {
@@ -143,8 +171,8 @@ function onOptionRemove(option: SelectOption) {
 }
 
 // Persist a single-value label for the legacy `displayValue` slot path.
-watch([optionsSet, value], () => {
+watch([optionsSet, model], () => {
-  const current = value.value;
+  const current = model.value;
   if (current === undefined || Array.isArray(current)) return;
   const text = getOptionFrom(optionsSet.value, current)?.textContent;
   if (text !== undefined) displayValue.value = text;
@@ -152,21 +180,21 @@ watch([optionsSet, value], () => {
 
 function handleValueChange(newValue: AcceptableValue) {
   if (multiple) {
-    const array = Array.isArray(value.value) ? [...value.value] : [];
+    const array = Array.isArray(model.value) ? [...model.value] : [];
     const index = array.findIndex(v => compare(v as T, newValue as T, by as never));
     if (index === -1) array.push(newValue as T);
     else array.splice(index, 1);
-    value.value = [...array] as T[];
+    model.value = [...array] as T[];
   }
   else {
-    value.value = newValue as T;
+    model.value = newValue as T;
     displayValue.value = getOptionFrom(rawOptions, newValue)?.textContent;
     open.value = false;
   }
 }
 
 function isSelectedValue(itemValue: AcceptableValue): boolean {
-  const current = value.value;
+  const current = model.value;
   if (current === undefined) return false;
   if (Array.isArray(current)) {
     for (const v of current) {
@@ -197,7 +225,7 @@ const isFormControl = computed(() => {
 });
 
 provideSelectRootContext({
-  value,
+  value: model,
   onValueChange: handleValueChange,
   open,
   onOpenChange: (v) => { open.value = v; },
@@ -237,7 +265,7 @@ provideSelectRootContext({
       :disabled="disabled"
       :multiple="multiple"
       :options="nativeOptions"
-      :value="value"
+      :value="model"
       @change="handleValueChange"
     />
 
@@ -245,7 +273,7 @@ provideSelectRootContext({
       v-else-if="name"
       type="hidden"
       :name="name"
-      :value="Array.isArray(value) ? '' : (value ?? '')"
+      :value="Array.isArray(model) ? '' : (model ?? '')"
       :required="required"
       :disabled="disabled"
       :autocomplete="autocomplete"

vue/primitives/src/selection/select/SelectViewport.vue

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ export interface SelectViewportProps extends PrimitiveProps {
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, toRef, watchPostEffect } from 'vue';
 
-import { useForwardExpose } from '@robonen/vue';
+import { useForwardExpose, useStyleTag } from '@robonen/vue';
 import { useNonce } from '../../utilities/config-provider';
 import { Primitive } from '../../internal/primitive';
 import { useSelectContentContext, useSelectItemAlignedPositionContext } from './context';
-import { CONTENT_MARGIN } from './utils';
+import { CONTENT_MARGIN, VIEWPORT_SCROLLBAR_CSS } from './utils';
 
 const { as = 'div', nonce: propNonce } = defineProps<SelectViewportProps>();
 
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ const { forwardRef, currentElement } = useForwardExpose();
 const contentCtx = useSelectContentContext();
 const nonce = useNonce(toRef(() => propNonce));
 
+// Injected into `<head>` (one reference-counted tag per document) rather than
+// rendered as a sibling `<style>`: a second root node would turn this component
+// into a fragment, and Vue cannot inherit a consumer's `class` onto a fragment.
+useStyleTag(VIEWPORT_SCROLLBAR_CSS, { id: 'primitives-select-viewport', nonce: nonce.value });
+
 const alignedCtx = contentCtx.position === 'item-aligned'
   ? useSelectItemAlignedPositionContext(null as never)
   : undefined;
@@ -82,8 +87,4 @@ function handleScroll(event: Event) {
   >
     <slot />
   </Primitive>
-  <Primitive as="style" :nonce="nonce">
-    [data-primitives-select-viewport]{scrollbar-width:none;-ms-overflow-style:none;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}
-    [data-primitives-select-viewport]::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}
-  </Primitive>
 </template>

vue/primitives/src/selection/select/__test__/Select.test.ts

@@ -385,3 +385,133 @@ describe('Select — native form submission', () => {
     w.unmount();
   });
 });
+
+describe('Select — attribute forwarding on the panel', () => {
+  function mountStyled() {
+    return track(mount(
+      defineComponent({
+        setup() {
+          return () => h(
+            SelectRoot,
+            { defaultOpen: true },
+            {
+              default: () => [
+                h(SelectTrigger, { id: 'styled-trigger', 'aria-label': 'Fruit' }, {
+                  default: () => h(SelectValue, { placeholder: 'Pick one' }),
+                }),
+                h(SelectPortal, null, {
+                  default: () => h(SelectContent, { class: 'panel', 'data-panel': 'yes' }, {
+                    default: () => h(SelectViewport, { class: 'viewport' }, {
+                      default: () => h(SelectItem, { value: 'apple' }, {
+                        default: () => h(SelectItemText, null, { default: () => 'Apple' }),
+                      }),
+                    }),
+                  }),
+                }),
+              ],
+            },
+          );
+        },
+      }),
+      { attachTo: document.body },
+    ));
+  }
+
+  it('forwards class and data attributes from SelectContent to the panel element', async () => {
+    const w = mountStyled();
+    await flush();
+    const panel = document.querySelector('[data-primitives-select-content]') as HTMLElement | null;
+    expect(panel).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(panel!.classList.contains('panel')).toBe(true);
+    expect(panel!.getAttribute('data-panel')).toBe('yes');
+    w.unmount();
+  });
+
+  it('forwards class from SelectViewport to the viewport element', async () => {
+    const w = mountStyled();
+    await flush();
+    const viewport = document.querySelector('[data-primitives-select-viewport]') as HTMLElement | null;
+    expect(viewport).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(viewport!.classList.contains('viewport')).toBe(true);
+    w.unmount();
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the trigger a single root that accepts native attributes', async () => {
+    const w = mountStyled();
+    await flush();
+    const trigger = getTrigger();
+    expect(trigger.id).toBe('styled-trigger');
+    expect(trigger.getAttribute('aria-label')).toBe('Fruit');
+    w.unmount();
+  });
+
+  it('injects the scrollbar-hiding stylesheet into head instead of a sibling style node', async () => {
+    const w = mountStyled();
+    await flush();
+    const injected = document.head.querySelector('#primitives-select-viewport');
+    expect(injected).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(injected!.textContent).toContain('[data-primitives-select-viewport]');
+    const panel = document.querySelector('[data-primitives-select-content]') as HTMLElement;
+    expect(panel.querySelector('style')).toBeNull();
+    w.unmount();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Select — panel placement without a selection', () => {
+  function mountUnmatched(options: Opt[]) {
+    return track(mount(
+      defineComponent({
+        setup() {
+          // A model value that matches no option — a stale id, a deleted user,
+          // a directory that has not loaded yet.
+          return () => h(
+            SelectRoot,
+            { defaultOpen: true, modelValue: 'gone' as never },
+            {
+              default: () => [
+                h(SelectTrigger, null, { default: () => h(SelectValue, { placeholder: 'Pick one' }) }),
+                h(SelectPortal, null, {
+                  default: () => h(SelectContent, null, {
+                    default: () => h(SelectViewport, null, {
+                      default: () => options.map(opt =>
+                        h(SelectItem, { key: String(opt.value), value: opt.value as never }, {
+                          default: () => h(SelectItemText, null, { default: () => opt.label }),
+                        }),
+                      ),
+                    }),
+                  }),
+                }),
+              ],
+            },
+          );
+        },
+      }),
+      { attachTo: document.body },
+    ));
+  }
+
+  it('aligns on the first valid item when the model matches nothing', async () => {
+    const w = mountUnmatched([{ value: 'a', label: 'A' }, { value: 'b', label: 'B' }]);
+    await flush();
+    const wrapper = document.querySelector('[data-primitives-select-content-wrapper]') as HTMLElement | null;
+    expect(wrapper).toBeTruthy();
+    // Item-aligned placement sets all three; bailing out leaves them empty and
+    // the fixed wrapper pinned to the viewport origin.
+    expect(wrapper!.style.minWidth).not.toBe('');
+    expect(wrapper!.style.height).not.toBe('');
+    expect(wrapper!.style.left || wrapper!.style.right).not.toBe('');
+    w.unmount();
+  });
+
+  it('places the panel instead of leaving it pinned to the viewport origin', async () => {
+    const w = mountUnmatched([]);
+    await flush();
+    const wrapper = document.querySelector('[data-primitives-select-content-wrapper]') as HTMLElement | null;
+    expect(wrapper).toBeTruthy();
+    // With no items at all there is nothing to align to; the fallback still has
+    // to give the wrapper explicit coordinates.
+    expect(wrapper!.style.top).not.toBe('');
+    expect(wrapper!.style.left).not.toBe('');
+    w.unmount();
+  });
+});

vue/primitives/src/selection/select/context.ts

@@ -4,13 +4,6 @@ import type { AcceptableValue } from './utils';
 
 import { useContextFactory } from '@robonen/vue';
 
-/**
- * @deprecated Kept for backward compatibility. The select now accepts any
- * {@link AcceptableValue} (string/number/boolean/object). `SelectValue` remains
- * a string alias so existing `string`-typed consumers keep compiling.
- */
-export type SelectValue = string;
-
 export interface SelectOption {
   value: AcceptableValue;
   disabled?: boolean;

vue/primitives/src/selection/select/index.ts

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ export {
 } from './context';
 
 export type {
-  SelectValue,
   SelectOption,
   SelectRootContext,
   SelectContentContext,
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ export type {
   SelectItemContext,
 } from './context';
 export type { AcceptableValue as SelectAcceptableValue } from './utils';
-export type { SelectRootProps, SelectRootEmits } from './SelectRoot.vue';
+export type { SelectModelValue, SelectRootProps, SelectRootEmits } from './SelectRoot.vue';
 export type { SelectTriggerProps } from './SelectTrigger.vue';
 export type { SelectValueProps } from './SelectValue.vue';
 export type { SelectIconProps } from './SelectIcon.vue';

vue/primitives/src/selection/select/utils.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,11 @@ export const OPEN_KEYS = [' ', 'Enter', 'ArrowUp', 'ArrowDown'];
 export const SELECTION_KEYS = [' ', 'Enter'];
 export const CONTENT_MARGIN = 10;
 
+/** Hides the viewport's scrollbar across engines while keeping it scrollable. */
+export const VIEWPORT_SCROLLBAR_CSS
+  = '[data-primitives-select-viewport]{scrollbar-width:none;-ms-overflow-style:none;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}'
+    + '[data-primitives-select-viewport]::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}';
+
 export function getOpenState(open: boolean): 'open' | 'closed' {
   return open ? 'open' : 'closed';
 }

vue/primitives/src/utilities/roving-focus/RovingFocusGroup.vue

@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ export interface RovingFocusGroupEmits {
   'update:currentTabStopId': [value: string | null | undefined];
 }
 
+/**
+ * The subset `defineEmits` declares. `update:currentTabStopId` comes from
+ * `defineModel`; passing a model key through `defineEmits` as well erases its
+ * payload type from the generated declarations, leaving consumers with
+ * `unknown`.
+ */
+type RovingFocusGroupOwnEmits = Omit<RovingFocusGroupEmits, 'update:currentTabStopId'>;
+
 export interface RovingFocusGroupContext {
   orientation: Ref<Orientation | undefined>;
   dir: Ref<Direction>;
@@ -77,7 +85,7 @@ const {
   as = 'div',
 } = defineProps<RovingFocusGroupProps>();
 
-const emit = defineEmits<RovingFocusGroupEmits>();
+const emit = defineEmits<RovingFocusGroupOwnEmits>();
 
 const config = useConfig();
 // `dir` falls back to the provider's configured direction when not given as prop.