tools/core/fetch

@robonen/fetch

A lightweight, type-safe fetch wrapper with interceptors, retry, timeout, and a composable plugin system — V8-optimized internals, zero runtime dependencies beyond the standard library.

import { $fetch } from '@robonen/fetch';

const user = await $fetch<User>('https://api.example.com/users/1');
//    ^? User — body is parsed and typed for you

Install

pnpm install @robonen/fetch

Why

globalThis.fetch is great primitive plumbing, but every app re-implements the same layer on top of it: JSON parsing, throwing on 4xx/5xx, base URLs, query strings, retries, timeouts, auth headers. @robonen/fetch is that layer — small, typed, and built so attaching features costs nothing on the hot path.

• 🎯 Type-safe — response data, options, and plugin-contributed fields are all inferred.
• 📦 Smart bodies — plain objects are JSON-serialized; FormData/Blob/streams pass through untouched.
• 🧠 Auto-parsing — response decoded from Content-Type, or forced via responseType.
• 💥 Errors that throw — non-2xx responses reject with a rich FetchError.
• 🔁 Retry & ⏱️ timeout — built in, per-request configurable, sensible defaults.
• 🪝 Lifecycle hooks — onRequest / onResponse / onRequestError / onResponseError.
• 🧩 Plugins — composed once, typed, with onion-style execute middleware.
• 🌱 create / extend — derive pre-configured instances that inherit defaults and plugins.

---

Quick start

import { $fetch } from '@robonen/fetch';

// GET + automatic JSON parse
const todo = await $fetch<Todo>('https://api.example.com/todos/1');

// POST a plain object — serialized to JSON, content-type set for you
const created = await $fetch<Todo>('https://api.example.com/todos', {
  method: 'POST',
  body: { title: 'Ship it', done: false },
});

// Method shortcuts
await $fetch.get('https://api.example.com/todos');
await $fetch.delete('https://api.example.com/todos/1');

---

Features

Type-safe responses

The first type parameter types the parsed body; the second drives the parsing mode.

interface User { id: number; name: string }

const user = await $fetch<User>('/users/1');        // Promise<User>
const ids  = await $fetch<number[]>('/users/ids');  // Promise<number[]>

Method shortcuts

await $fetch.get<User>('/users/1');
await $fetch.post<User>('/users', { body: { name: 'Alice' } });
await $fetch.put('/users/1', { body: patch });
await $fetch.patch('/users/1', { body: partial });
await $fetch.delete('/users/1');
await $fetch.head('/users/1'); // returns the raw Response

Base URL & query params

const api = $fetch.create({ baseURL: 'https://api.example.com/v1' });

await api('/users');                              // → https://api.example.com/v1/users
await api('/search', { query: { q: 'vue', page: 2 } });
//                                                → ...?q=vue&page=2

null / undefined query values are dropped, existing query strings are preserved, and the query is inserted before any #fragment.

Automatic body serialization

// Plain object → JSON  (content-type: application/json + accept: application/json)
await $fetch.post('/users', { body: { name: 'Alice' } });

// content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded → form-encoded automatically
await $fetch.post('/login', {
  headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
  body: { user: 'a', pass: 'b' },               // → "user=a&pass=b"
});

// FormData / Blob / ReadableStream / raw string → passed through untouched
await $fetch.post('/upload', { body: formData });
await $fetch.post('/ndjson', { body: '{"a":1}\n{"b":2}' }); // you own content-type

Response type detection

The body is decoded from the response Content-Type, or you can force it:

const text = await $fetch<string, 'text'>('/readme', { responseType: 'text' });
const blob = await $fetch<Blob, 'blob'>('/avatar.png', { responseType: 'blob' });
const buf  = await $fetch<ArrayBuffer, 'arrayBuffer'>('/file', { responseType: 'arrayBuffer' });
const sse  = await $fetch<ReadableStream, 'stream'>('/events', { responseType: 'stream' });

// Custom parser (e.g. superjson, devalue)
const data = await $fetch('/data', { parseResponse: txt => superjson.parse(txt) });

Errors that throw

Any 4xx/5xx rejects with a FetchError carrying the request, parsed body, and status.

import { FetchError } from '@robonen/fetch';

try {
  await $fetch('/users/999');
}
catch (err) {
  if (err instanceof FetchError) {
    err.status;       // 404
    err.statusText;   // "Not Found"
    err.data;         // parsed error body
    err.request;      // the URL/Request
    err.options;      // resolved request options (hooks stripped)
  }
}

// Opt out — get the parsed body even on error responses
const body = await $fetch('/maybe-404', { ignoreResponseError: true });

Retry

Retries are built in. Defaults: 1 retry for non-payload methods (GET/HEAD…), 0 for payload methods (POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE), on status 408, 409, 425, 429, 500, 502, 503, 504.

await $fetch('/flaky', { retry: 3 });                      // up to 3 retries
await $fetch('/flaky', { retry: 3, retryDelay: 200 });     // 200ms between attempts
await $fetch('/flaky', { retry: 3, retryDelay: ctx => ctx.response?.status === 429 ? 1000 : 200 });
await $fetch('/flaky', { retryStatusCodes: [429, 503] });  // custom allowlist
await $fetch('/flaky', { retry: false });                  // disable

A user-initiated abort never retries; a timeout does.

Timeout

Backed by AbortSignal.timeout, composed with any signal you pass. The timeout applies per attempt, so a slow attempt that times out still gets retried with a fresh signal.

await $fetch('/slow', { timeout: 5000 });

// Combine with your own AbortController — both are honoured
const controller = new AbortController();
await $fetch('/slow', { timeout: 5000, signal: controller.signal });

Lifecycle hooks

await $fetch('/users', {
  onRequest: (ctx) => {
    ctx.options.headers.set('authorization', `Bearer ${token}`);
  },
  onResponse: (ctx) => {
    console.log(ctx.response.status, ctx.response._data);
  },
  onResponseError: (ctx) => {
    report(ctx.response.status, ctx.request);
  },
  onRequestError: (ctx) => {
    console.error('network failure', ctx.error);
  },
});

Hooks accept a single function or an array, and run after any plugin hooks for the same phase.

---

Instances: create / extend

Derive a configured instance. Defaults and plugins are merged; child wins on conflicts.

const api = $fetch.create({
  baseURL: 'https://api.example.com',
  headers: { 'x-app': 'web' },
  retry: 2,
});

// `extend` is an alias for `create` — layer on more defaults / plugins
const billing = api.extend({ baseURL: 'https://billing.example.com' });

await api('/users');        // x-app + retry:2 inherited
await billing('/invoices'); // inherits headers/retry, overrides baseURL

Need the raw Response, or the underlying native fetch?

const res = await $fetch.raw<User>('/users/1');
res._data;   // parsed body
res.headers; // full Response API

await $fetch.native('https://example.com'); // untouched globalThis.fetch

---

Plugins

A plugin is a reusable bundle of defaults, typed options, lifecycle hooks, and optional execute middleware. Plugins are composed once at createFetch time — attaching them adds zero per-request overhead beyond the hooks themselves.

import { createFetch, definePlugin } from '@robonen/fetch';

Auth header injection — with a typed per-request option

const auth = definePlugin<'auth', { token?: string }>({
  name: 'auth',
  hooks: {
    onRequest: (ctx) => {
      const token = (ctx.options as { token?: string }).token;
      if (token) ctx.options.headers.set('authorization', `Bearer ${token}`);
    },
  },
});

const api = createFetch({ plugins: [auth] });

await api('/me', { token: 'xyz' }); // `token` is type-checked thanks to the plugin

Token auto-refresh on 401

function createAuthPlugin(getAccessToken: () => Promise<string>) {
  let current: Promise<string> | undefined;
  const refresh = () => (current ??= getAccessToken().finally(() => { current = undefined; }));

  return definePlugin<'auth', { skipAuth?: boolean }>({
    name: 'auth',
    defaults: { retry: 1, retryStatusCodes: [401, 408, 429, 500, 502, 503, 504] },
    hooks: {
      onRequest: async (ctx) => {
        if ((ctx.options as { skipAuth?: boolean }).skipAuth) return;
        ctx.options.headers.set('authorization', `Bearer ${await refresh()}`);
      },
      onResponseError: async (ctx) => {
        if (ctx.response.status !== 401) return;
        current = undefined; // invalidate; the retry picks up a fresh token
        ctx.options.headers.set('authorization', `Bearer ${await refresh()}`);
      },
    },
  });
}

Response envelope unwrapping — { data, meta } → data

const unwrap = definePlugin({
  name: 'unwrap',
  hooks: {
    onResponse: (ctx) => {
      const body = ctx.response._data as { data?: unknown } | undefined;
      if (body && typeof body === 'object' && 'data' in body) {
        ctx.response._data = body.data;
      }
    },
  },
});

execute middleware — onion-style wrapping

execute wraps the whole fetch attempt (the built-in retry is itself an execute middleware). Middlewares may call next() zero, one, or many times.

const logger = definePlugin({
  name: 'logger',
  execute: async (ctx, next) => {
    const start = performance.now();
    try {
      await next(); // run the attempt (+ inner middlewares)
      console.log(`${ctx.request} → ${ctx.response?.status} in ${(performance.now() - start) | 0}ms`);
    }
    catch (err) {
      console.error(`${ctx.request} failed in ${(performance.now() - start) | 0}ms`);
      throw err;
    }
  },
});

Composing — order matters

Hooks run in registration order; the user's per-request hook runs last.

const api = createFetch({
  baseURL: 'https://api.example.com',
  plugins: [createAuthPlugin(fetchToken), logger, unwrap],
});

// Children inherit every parent plugin and may add their own
const idempotency = definePlugin<'idempotency', { idempotencyKey?: string }>({
  name: 'idempotency',
  hooks: {
    onRequest: (ctx) => {
      const m = (ctx.options.method ?? 'GET').toUpperCase();
      if (m === 'GET' || m === 'HEAD') return;
      const key = (ctx.options as { idempotencyKey?: string }).idempotencyKey ?? crypto.randomUUID();
      ctx.options.headers.set('idempotency-key', key);
    },
  },
});

const billing = api.extend({ baseURL: 'https://billing.example.com' }, { plugins: [idempotency] });
await billing('/invoices', { method: 'POST', body: { amount: 100 } });

---

API reference

$fetch(request, options?) / createFetch(globalOptions?)

Option	Type	Description
baseURL	string	Prepended to relative request URLs.
query	Record<string, …>	Serialized and appended to the URL.
body	RequestInit['body'] | object | array	Objects are JSON-serialized.
responseType	'json' | 'text' | 'blob' | 'arrayBuffer' | 'stream'	Forces the parse mode.
parseResponse	(text: string) => T	Custom body parser.
ignoreResponseError	boolean	Don't throw on 4xx/5xx.
retry	number | false	Retry attempts on failure.
retryDelay	number | (ctx) => number	Delay between retries.
retryStatusCodes	readonly number[]	Status codes that trigger a retry.
timeout	number	Per-attempt timeout in ms.
onRequest / onResponse / onRequestError / onResponseError	hook(s)	Lifecycle callbacks.

…plus every native RequestInit field (headers, method, signal, credentials, …).

Instance members

Member	Description
$fetch(req, o?)	Returns the parsed body.
$fetch.raw(req, o?)	Returns the full Response with a parsed _data.
$fetch.get/post/put/patch/delete/head	Method shortcuts.
$fetch.create(defaults?, globalOptions?)	New instance with merged config.
$fetch.extend(...)	Alias for create.
$fetch.native	The underlying globalThis.fetch.

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License

Apache-2.0 © Robonen Andrew